1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
1.Many millions of people enjoy a quality of life today that previous generations could not have dreamed of. Home ownership, private cars and holidays are now standard for most families in industrialised countries. And yet at the same time, billions of people in other countries live without even clean drinking water. How can this be? The answer is that the fortunate few live in countries with sustained economic growth.
2.An economy is growing when the gross national product is increasing year after year. When economists calculate economic growth, though, they must take into account the effects of inflation. For example, imagine that the gross national product of a country increased from $500 billon to$ 510 billion from one year to another. That’s an increase of two per cent in output. Very impressive! However, if the rate of inflation was two per cent, then there has been no real growth at all.
3.The other thing to remember about economic growth is that not all growth is good. Governments want steady, sustainable growth. Sudden, sharp increases in growth — a boom — can cause the economy to overheat and fall into recession. For many economies, the long run growth over many years is steady, but the short run is a roller— coaster ride of boom and depression. For instance, the long run growth of the UK economy since 1950 has been a steady 2.5% per year. However, if you look closely at any decade you’ll see that there is a cycle of growth, recession and recovery. The truth is, steady growth in the short term is very hard to achieve.
4.Nevertheless, many countries are still struggling to achieve any kind of growth at all. Why is this? What is necessary for growth to happen? Many economists have tried to find the answer to this question, and there are plenty of theories to choose from. However, most economists agree that there things are essential for economic growth to occur: capital growth, savings and technological progress.
5.Capital refers to the factories and machinery that the labour force uses to turn raw materials into products. More workers and more raw materials will only lead to a certain amount of growth. Eventually, the economy needs more capital for the labour to use. Capital growth can also include training and education for the labour force. This makes the workforce more efficient, creative and productive.
6.Of course, someone has to pay for the new machines and training. In other words, capital growth needs investment. Money for investment needs to be borrowed from banks. Banks can only lend if customers make savings. This is why savings are so important for growth. However the economy will not grow if everyone is saving and no one is spending. Getting the right balance between consumption and saving is another part of the challenge of economic growth.
7.But above all, technology is the real miracle worker of economic growth. An advance in technology can increase productivity from the same amount of capital and resources: just what the chancellor ordered!

2. Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных и вставьте в пропуски.
Например: 1 b
1.In many ways life for previous ... was more difficult.
2.Home ... has increased in many parts of Europe.
3.When the economy grows dangerously fast, we say it...
4.A ... is when economy is growing quickly.
5.... are fairground rides like trains that go and down very fast.
6.... in technology in the last 30 years has been incredible.
7.... is when you get better after something bad like an illness — or economic depression.
8.When you ... you fight or work hard for something.
9.Don’t buy anymore milk. We’ve got... in the fridge.
10.A fortunate person is very ...
11.Mountain climbers are people who enjoy a ...


Дополнительная информация о товаре:
3.Напишите правильны (Т) или неправильны (F) следующие утверждения из текста
1.Billions of the people in other countries live without clean drinking water (I paragraph)
2.An economy isn’t growing when the GNP is increasing (II paragraph)
3.All growth is good (II paragraph)
4.Economists have no idea about what causes economic growth (IV paragraph)
5.The economy needs more labour to grow (V paragraph)
6.Banks can’t lend if customers make savings (VI paragraph).
7.Technology can increase productivity (VII paragraph).
4.Соедините слова из правой колонки со словами из левой колонки и получите словосочетания из текста.
1)qualitya) of inflation
2)Previousb) and depression
3)Grossc) growth
4)Rated) needs
5)Falle) of life
6)Boomf) of growth
7)Moneyg) national product
8)Economich) for investment
9)Cycle i) into recession
10)The economyj) generations
5.Выпишите и переведите выделенные предложения из текста, распределив их согласно колонкам в таблице.
6.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.Do many people enjoy a quality of life today? (I абзац)
2.When is economy growing? (II абзац)
3.What do governments want? (III абзац)
4.Capital growth needs investment, doesn’t it? (IV абзац)
5.What is the truth? (V абзац)
6.What is necessary for growth to happen? (VI абзац)
7.Can capital growth include training and education for the labour force? (VII абзац)
7.Прочитайте и переведите абзацы 2 и 3 письменно.

8.К следующему предложению задайте все типы вопросов.
Most economists agree that three things are essential for economic growth to occur: capital growth, saving and technological progress.
General q-n
Special q-n
Alternative q-n
Disjunctive q-n
9.Ответьте на предложенный вопрос письменно.
What do you think makes an economy grow?